Water in which the pH is below 7 is acidic. Acidic water
accelerates corrosion in pipe work, causes staining of baths, sinks and other appliances and can leave a distinctive ‘metallic’ taste to the water.

Corrosex is a highly reactive magnesium oxide salt and is used most effectively where the pH correction is substantial or the flow rate is high. In reality for a pH of less than 6 a 25% Corrosex, 75% Juraperle mix is ideal.

Bed depth: 18 to 30 inches,
30% freeboard
Service flow rate: 12m/hr,
Backwash rate: 24 m/hr
Density: 1.6 Kg/litre

Water in which the pH is below 7 is acidic. Acidic water
accelerates corrosion in pipe work, causes staining of baths, sinks and other appliances and can leave a distinctive ‘metallic’ taste to the water.

Juraperle is a granular media made up of 99.4% calcium carbonate. It has a superior performance to limestone due to its micro-crystalline structure. It dissolves very slowly, is free from soluble constituents and has a low silica content.

Uses: The pH correction of potable waters and the remineralisation of soft and desalinated waters

Juraperle is a granular calcium carbonate filtration medium with particle size 1 to 2mm. During its use it gradually dissolves and will therefore require periodic replacement.

Typical Chemical Analysis:
CaCO3 … 99.36%
SiO2 + Al2O3 … 0.34%
Fe2O3 … 0.39%
Acid insolubles … 0.2% max

Typical Physical Properties:
Specific Gravity … 2.7
Bulk Density … 1400 – 1500 kg/m3
Hardness … 3 Moh
Grain shape … Angular

Bed depth: 18 to 30 inches,
30% freeboard
Service flow rate: 12m/hr,
Backwash rate: 24 m/hr
Density: 1.6 Kg/litre

Birm is a relatively inexpensive material which can be used for iron and manganese removal by oxidation. It requires a pH of 7 or more for iron removal and pH 8 for manganese removal (it uses dissolved oxygen in the water to oxidise the metal). As it acts as a catalyst it is not consumed so Birm doesn’t require regenerating or topping up. Birm also has the advantage of acting as a filter removing relatively high levels of turbidity. It is advised not to use Birm in combination with chlorination and the water should be free of oil and hydrogen sulphide. If the pH of the water is too low pH correction maybe required. Birm requires DO at least 15% of the iron and manganese content to work.

30% freeboard
Service flow rate: 12m/hr
Backwash rate: 24 m/hr
Density: 1.2 Kg/litre
Alkalinity: greater than twice the combined sulphate and chloride
pH: 6.8 to 9.0
Dissolved oxygen: at least 15% of the iron or manganese content less than 0.5% chlorine, no H2S, oil or polyphosphates

Filox-R™ High Performance Media for Iron, Hydrogen Sulfide and Manganese Removal

High performance media for iron, hydrogen sulfide, and manganese removal. No oxidizing chemicals needed for regeneration. Filox-R™ out performs traditional media such as birm (x7,500) and Greensand. Highest flow rate of any standard iron removal media, 6 gpm/cu.ft service flow; 12-15 gpm/sq.ft backwash rate.

It requires a pH of 7 or more for iron removal and 8 for manganese removal plus a dissolved oxygen level of at least 15% of the iron and manganese content. It is very heavy, and needs a high backwash flow rate to remove the oxidised iron and manganese but gives a high service flow rate and out lasts Birm.

30% -50% freeboard
Service flow rate: 28m/hr
Backwash rate: 36 m/hr
Density: 2 Kg/litre
pH: 6.8 to 9.0

The use of oxidising agents is recommended. Highly reducing waters may cause premature exhaustion. ORP over 170mV indicates Filox-R can be used.

Manganese oxide can be used for iron and manganese removal by oxidation. Trade names such as Aquamandix are manganese dioxide based. Aquamandix is often mixed with sand 20%:80%.

30% -50% freeboard
Service flow rate: 12m/hr
Backwash rate: 24 m/hr
Density: 2 Kg/litre
pH: 6.8 to 9.5

GreensandPlus is a black filter media used for removing soluble iron, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, arsenic and radium from grounwater supplies.

pH range: 6.2-8.5
Backwash rate: minimum 12 gpm/sq. ft
Service flow rate: 2-12 gpm/sq.ft.
Minimum bed depth: 15" of each media for dual media beds or 30" of GreensandPlus alone.

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MTM® (P/N MTM) is a granular manganese dioxide filtering media used for reducing iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from water. Its active surface coating oxidizes and precipitates soluble iron and manganese. Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to a sulfur. The precipitates are filtered out in the granular bed and removed by backwashing.

MTM consists of a light weight granular core with a coating of manganese dioxide. The coating provides an example of contact filtration where the media itself provides the oxidizing potential. This allows for a much broader range of operation than many other iron removal medias. A pH level as low as 6.2 can be treated. Dissolved oxygen is not essential. The media’s light weight reduces backwash water requirements.

30% -50% freeboard
Service flow rate: 12m/hr
Backwash rate: 24 m/hr
Density: 1.3 Kg/litre
pH: 6.8 to 9.5

ADVANTAGES
There is less pressure loss through a bed of Filter-Ag® than through most other filter medias

Light weight requires lower backwash rates than those required for other filter medias

High service rates result in lower equipment costs and a savings in space

High sediment reduction capacity results in longer filter runs, with a substantial savings in backwash water and time out of service

Reduced shipping cost due to light weight/cu.ft.

Replacement of sand with Filter-Ag® in existing installations may increase filter capacity 100% or more. (Caution should be taken upon start-up that the lightweight Filter-Ag® is not washed to drain.)

Water pH range: wide range
Maximum water temperature: 140°F/60°C
Bed depth: 24-36 in.
Freeboard: 50% of bed depth (min.)
Service flow rate: 5 gpm/sq.ft., although considerably higher rates are often used
Backwash flow rate: 8- 10 gpm/sq.ft.
Backwash bed expansion: 20-40% of bed depth
Upon installation allow bed to soak overnight before backwashing

ADVANTAGES

Deep bed filtration results in superior water quality and reduces the load on downstream equipment.

High sediment removal capacity results in longer filter runs, with a substantial savings in backwash water and time out of service.

High service flow rates result in lower equipment costs and a savings in space.

Reduced shipping cost due to lighter weight/cu.ft.

Replacement of multimedia with Filter-Ag Plus in existing installations may increase filter capacity.

Filter-Ag Plus is an all-natural, environmentally safe product.

Bed depth: 24-36 in.
Freeboard: 50% of bed depth (min.)
Service flow rate: 12-20 gpm/sq.ft.
Backwash flow rate: 15-20 gpm/sq.ft.

Crushed Anthracite makes an excellent medium density filtration media. Clack Anthracite is mined from the finest Pennsylvania coal. It is specifically selected for water treatment, and during its production goes through several sizing inspections. Representative samples are randomly chosen for a complete laboratory quality control analysis for effective size, uniformity coefficient, specific gravity, acid solubility and hardness.

Because of its angular shape, some of the sediment penetrates deeper into the bed. When compared to equivalent filter sands, this means longer filter runs and less head loss. Backwash rates are also reduced.

Because of its unique density, Clack Anthracite can be used in multi-media filters. At 50 lbs/ft3, it will hydraulically classify and remain above heavier media such as Filter Sand or Manganese Greensand, providing a prefiltration layer.

Bed depth: 24-36 in., 10-18 in multi bed filters
Freeboard: 50% of bed depth (min.)
Service flow rate: 5 gpm/sq.ft. or higher depending upon local conditions
Backwash flow rate:12-18 gpm/sq.ft.

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filters are an excellent choice for removal of chlorine, taste and odour, or organics in water. There are many different variations but most are either coconut coal or wood based.

20 to 30% freeboard
Density 0.5 Kg/l
Service flow rate: 12m/hr
Backwash rate: 20 m/hr

The advantage of using acid washed carbon is that does not release carbon fines when first used.

20 to 30% freeboard
Density 0.5 Kg/l
Service flow rate: 12m/hr
Backwash rate: 20 m/hr

Crystal Right works by an ion exchange process which removes iron, manganese and hardness. The minimum pH requirement is 6.0 and Crystal Right will raise the pH in these acidic waters. Crystal Right works at its best on clear water, i.e. when the iron/manganese are in a dissolved form. Crystal Right will also remove hardness with no extra treatment. Ammonia, lead, hydrogen sulphide and copper can also be reduced. The media bed can be sanitised with chlorine from time to time. The regeneration process is exactly the same as that used in a water softener and requires regeneration with salt (sodium chloride). There are two types of Crystal Right. CR100 is used where the pH is between 6 and 7 and will increase the pH. CR200 is used where the pH is 7 or above. Crystal Right has a number of advantages over conventional systems in that pH correction, iron/manganese removal and softening can all be addressed in a single process.

30% -50% freeboard
Service flow rate: 24m/hr Backwash rate: 19 m/hr
Density: 1.2 Kg/litre
pH 6+ CR100, pH 7+ CR200

Crystal Right works by an ion exchange process which removes iron, manganese and hardness. The minimum pH requirement is 6.0 and Crystal Right will raise the pH in these acidic waters. Crystal Right works at its best on clear water, i.e. when the iron/manganese are in a dissolved form. Crystal Right will also remove hardness with no extra treatment. Ammonia, lead, hydrogen sulphide and copper can also be reduced. The media bed can be sanitised with chlorine from time to time. The regeneration process is exactly the same as that used in a water softener and requires regeneration with salt (sodium chloride). There are two types of Crystal Right. CR100 is used where the pH is between 6 and 7 and will increase the pH. CR200 is used where the pH is 7 or above. Crystal Right has a number of advantages over conventional systems in that pH correction, iron/manganese removal and softening can all be addressed in a single process.

30% -50% freeboard
Service flow rate: 24m/hr Backwash rate: 19 m/hr
Density: 1.2 Kg/litre
pH 6+ CR100, pH 7+ CR200.

KDF 85 Process Media can remove up to 99% of water-soluble lead, mercury, nickel, chromium, and other dissolved metals. All KDF Process Media forms are effective in controlling the buildup of bacteria, algae, fungi and scale, making them ideal for use in GAC beds, ion exchange resins, carbon block filters and inline carbon filters. Wherever our Media are used, they can eliminate the need for costly, and sometimes harmful, chemical treatments.

The dry, crystalline granular Bayoxide media was designed with a high capacity for arsenic, providing long operating cycles and low operating costs. The media’s life expectancy is dependent on site-specific water quality and operating levels

30% freeboard
Service flow rate: 20m/hr
Backwash rate: 25 m/hr
Density: 0.5 2 Kg/litre pH: 6.8 to 9.5
less than 0.2 mg/l PO4, no antimony